Hey PaperLedge learning crew, Ernis here, ready to dive into some cosmic neutrino goodness! Today, we're exploring a sneak peek at an upcoming analysis that's aiming to give us an even better picture of where cosmic rays are hanging out in our galaxy. Think of it like this: cosmic rays are like super-speedy ping pong balls bouncing around the galaxy. When they smash into the interstellar medium – basically the "stuff" between stars – they create these tiny particles called neutrinos.
Now, measuring these neutrinos is super important because it helps us understand where those cosmic rays are concentrated. It's like listening for the echoes of those ping pong balls to figure out where the biggest ping pong tournament is happening!
The IceCube Collaboration – these are the rockstars who built this massive neutrino detector buried in the Antarctic ice – actually made the first detection of these galactic neutrinos back in 2023! That was a monumental moment. But science never sleeps, and they're already planning a new, even more powerful analysis.
This new analysis is all about combining different "views" of the neutrinos. IceCube sees neutrinos in two main ways, which they call "tracks" and "cascades."
Tracks: Imagine a neutrino that's a muon neutrino. When it interacts, it leaves a long, clear trail – like a tiny, super-fast bullet. Tracks are great because they tell us exactly where the neutrino came from. Think of it as having a super precise GPS for neutrinos.
Cascades: These are more like a big, messy explosion of particles. While they don't pinpoint the neutrino's origin as precisely as tracks, they're awesome at telling us how much energy the neutrino had. Plus, cascades can see the Southern sky, where the center of our galaxy resides, and that's a region where a lot of neutrinos are expected.
"Combining both 'tracks' and 'cascades' is like having both a super precise GPS and a super sensitive energy meter, allowing us to gather as much information as possible about the origin of neutrinos."
So, the brilliance of this new analysis is that it combines the strengths of both tracks and cascades. It's like having the best of both worlds! By combining these two types of neutrino "sightings," the scientists hope to get a much clearer picture of the galactic neutrino flux and, therefore, the cosmic ray distribution.
They're using something called a "forward folding binned likelihood fit" – which, in plain English, means they're building a model to predict what they should see, then comparing that prediction to the actual data. It's like creating a map of where the ping pong tournament should be, then comparing it to where the echoes are actually coming from.
Why should you care? Well, this research helps us understand:
Cosmic Ray Origins: Where do these super-energetic particles come from? Are they from exploding stars? Black holes? This research could help us solve this century-old mystery.
The Structure of Our Galaxy: How is matter distributed in the Milky Way? Neutrinos can travel straight through gas and dust, giving us a unique view of the galaxy's inner workings.
Fundamental Physics: Neutrinos are weird and wonderful particles. Studying them can help us test our understanding of the universe at the most fundamental level.
This is a really big deal because it moves us closer to really understanding the high energy universe. But it also helps us understand fundamental physics.
So, as we wrap up this preview, here are a few thought-provoking questions that might come up during our podcast discussion:
If cosmic rays are dangerous to humans in space, how can we protect astronauts on long-duration missions?
What new technologies or detectors might be needed to further improve our understanding of galactic neutrinos?
Could the study of neutrinos eventually lead to new discoveries about dark matter or other exotic particles?
Alright, learning crew, that's it for today's PaperLedge preview. I'm excited to dig deeper into this research and explore the fascinating world of galactic neutrinos with you all!Credit to Paper authors: Jonas Hellrung, Julia Becker Tjus, Wolfgang Rhode

Hey learning crew, Ernis here, ready to dive into another fascinating slice of science from the PaperLedge! Today, we're talking about ghost particles, supermassive black holes, and a cosmic puzzle that's been bugging astrophysicists for years: where do all these high-energy neutrinos come from?
Neutrinos are these incredibly tiny, almost massless particles that zip through the universe, barely interacting with anything. Imagine throwing a bowling ball through a cloud – most of the time, it’ll just go straight through. That's kind of like neutrinos!
Recently, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory – a giant detector buried in the Antarctic ice – spotted high-energy neutrinos coming from a few nearby Seyfert galaxies. Seyfert galaxies are these wild places with supermassive black holes at their centers, actively gobbling up matter and blasting out energy.
Now, the paper we're looking at today tries to explain this neutrino emission. The researchers cooked up a model where protons – those positively charged particles in atoms – are accelerated to insane speeds inside the "corona" of these Seyfert galaxies. Think of the corona like the sun's atmosphere, but around a black hole! It's a region of super-heated gas and powerful magnetic fields.
These protons, zipping around at near-light speed, smash into other particles, creating neutrinos. The researchers focused on NGC 1068, a Seyfert galaxy that seems to be a particularly strong neutrino emitter. By comparing their model's predictions to actual neutrino data from IceCube and gamma-ray data from the Fermi-LAT telescope, they were able to constrain the size of this coronal region.
"Our results...show that those Seyfert galaxies that emerge as neutrino point sources must be exceptionally efficient neutrino emitters and are not representative of the broader population."
Essentially, they found that the corona in NGC 1068 must be relatively small – less than five times the "Schwarzschild radius," which is basically the point of no return for anything falling into a black hole.
But here’s where it gets really interesting. The researchers then extended their model to the entire population of Seyfert galaxies to see if they could explain the overall "diffuse" neutrino background – that faint glow of neutrinos coming from all directions.
They found that Seyfert galaxies could account for a significant chunk of the observed neutrino flux below 10 TeV (that's a LOT of energy!). However, they also discovered that not all Seyfert galaxies can be super-efficient neutrino factories. If they were, the total neutrino emission would be way higher than what IceCube has detected. In other words, the galaxies that are actually detectable by IceCube are not representative of the broader population of Seyferts.
So, why does this matter?
For astrophysicists: This research helps us understand the processes happening around supermassive black holes and the origin of cosmic rays. It also puts constraints on the conditions inside these galactic coronae.
For neutrino astronomers: It helps us pinpoint the sources of these elusive particles and use them to probe the most extreme environments in the universe.
For everyone else: It's a reminder that the universe is full of surprises and that even the seemingly empty space is teeming with activity we're only just beginning to understand.

Here are a couple of thought-provoking questions that popped into my head:
If only a few Seyfert galaxies are super-efficient neutrino emitters, what makes them so special? What are the unique conditions that allow them to produce so many neutrinos?
If Seyfert galaxies can only account for a fraction of the diffuse neutrino background, what other sources might be contributing? Could there be other types of galaxies or even entirely different phenomena that we haven't considered yet?
That's it for this episode of PaperLedge! Keep exploring, keep questioning, and I'll catch you next time with another dive into the latest scientific discoveries!Credit to Paper authors: Lena Saurenhaus, Francesca Capel, Foteini Oikonomou, Johannes Buchner

Alright learning crew, get ready to dive into something super cool – we're talking about how AI can get better at recommending things you might like! Think of it as Netflix knowing exactly what you want to watch before you even realize it yourself.
So, you know how AI is getting really good at creating things, like images that look totally real? These AI powerhouses often use something called diffusion models. Imagine taking a clear picture and slowly adding noise until it's just static. That's the "forward diffusion" part. Then, the AI learns to reverse that process, starting with the static and slowly removing the noise until you get back the original picture. It's like magic, but with math!
Now, researchers are using diffusion models to build better recommendation systems. The challenge? How to personalize those recommendations based on your past behavior, your viewing history, your past purchases. The old way of doing this was to condition the noise-removal process on the user's history. Think of it like this: the AI is trying to paint a picture of what you want, but it's constantly distracted by the noise and has to also remember your past preferences at the same time. It’s trying to juggle too many balls!
But, a group of clever researchers had a brilliant idea! What if, instead of making the AI juggle everything at once, they made the user history the starting point? Instead of starting with noise, they start with you. This helps the AI focus on the important part - understanding the connection between what you've liked before and what you might like now.
They came up with something called Brownian Bridge Diffusion Recommendation (BBDRec). Think of a "Brownian bridge" like a tightrope walker. The walker has to get from point A (where you are now) to point B (your past history). They can wobble and sway, but they're always pulled back towards that endpoint. BBDRec uses this same idea to guide the AI towards understanding your preferences. It adds noise but ensures the noise always leads back to your history.
So, instead of the AI struggling to translate between noise and items, it focuses solely on translating between items and your history. It’s like giving the AI a cheat sheet!
The results? BBDRec actually improved the accuracy of recommendations! That means better suggestions, less time scrolling, and more time enjoying content. Who wouldn’t want that?
Why does this matter?
For the average listener: Think of it as getting Netflix recommendations that are actually good! Less time wasted scrolling, more time enjoying shows you love.
For aspiring data scientists: This shows how creative thinking can lead to innovative solutions to existing problems in machine learning. It highlights the importance of reformulating problems to improve performance.
For businesses: Better recommendations mean happier customers, increased engagement, and ultimately, more sales.
"This formulation allows for exclusive focus on modeling the 'item ↔ history' translation."
This kind of innovation helps us move towards AI that truly understands our individual needs and preferences.
Now, here are some things that popped into my mind:
If this model uses past behavior to predict future choices, could it accidentally reinforce existing biases or echo chambers?
Could this approach be adapted to other areas beyond recommendations, like predicting user behavior in different contexts?
How much historical data is needed for BBDRec to work effectively? Is there a point where more data doesn't significantly improve the recommendations?
Food for thought, learning crew! Let's see where this conversation takes us.Credit to Paper authors: Yimeng Bai, Yang Zhang, Sihao Ding, Shaohui Ruan, Han Yao, Danhui Guan, Fuli Feng, Tat-Seng Chua

Hey PaperLedge learning crew, Ernis here, ready to dive into some seriously cool math! Today, we're unpacking a research paper that explores the connection between how well-behaved a function is, and how quickly its Fourier transform fades away. Now, I know that probably sounds like pure math gibberish, but stick with me!
Think of it like this: imagine you're throwing a pebble into a pond. The function is the pebble, and the ripples it creates are its Fourier transform. A big, messy pebble will create chaotic ripples that take a while to die down. A small, smooth pebble will create neat, quickly fading ripples. That’s the vibe we're going for here, but with fancy math instead of ponds!
The paper looks at a special group of functions called CK functions. These are built from subanalytic functions, which are basically functions that are locally defined by analytic functions. Don't sweat the specifics too much. The key thing is, these functions are "tame," meaning they don't misbehave too wildly. They're constructed using powers and logarithms of other "tame" functions, which makes them predictable to a certain degree.
One of the cool things they found is a link between these CK functions and how they can be extended into the complex plane. Remember complex numbers? They have a real part and an imaginary part. The paper shows that if a CK function can be extended to the entire complex plane as a meromorphic function (meaning it's analytic everywhere except for some isolated poles, like points where it blows up to infinity), then that function must be a rational function (a fraction of two polynomials). That's a pretty strong connection!
Essentially, it's like saying that if your pebble creates a pond ripple pattern that’s simple enough to be described by a basic algebraic equation, then your pebble must also be pretty simple in its shape.
But here’s where the Fourier transform comes back in. The researchers discovered that the rate at which the ripples (the Fourier transform) fade away is directly related to how far you can extend the "pebble" (the original function) into the complex plane before it hits a trouble spot. If you can extend it far, the ripples fade quickly. If you can't extend it very far, the ripples hang around longer. It's a beautiful connection between the function's analytic properties and its Fourier transform behavior.
Finally, they showed that if your original function is something we can integrate (like finding the area under the curve) and it's continuous (no sudden jumps), then its Fourier transform is also integrable. This is a nice, tidy result that connects two fundamental properties of these functions.
So, why does this matter? Well, for mathematicians, it's another piece of the puzzle in understanding the behavior of these special functions. But for the rest of us, it highlights the deep connections that exist in mathematics, even between seemingly unrelated concepts. It shows that the "smoothness" and predictability of a function directly impacts how its "ripples" behave.
Think about it in terms of signal processing. If you're analyzing a sound wave, this research suggests that understanding the "tameness" of the wave can help you predict how quickly its frequency components will die out. Or, in image processing, it could help you design filters that effectively remove noise based on the underlying properties of the image.
Here are a couple of things I was pondering as I read this:

Could these findings be applied to create more efficient compression algorithms for audio or video, by exploiting the relationship between function smoothness and Fourier transform decay?


How might these "tameness" properties be quantified and used in other areas of science, like analyzing the behavior of complex systems in physics or biology?

That’s all for this episode, learning crew! I hope you enjoyed our deep dive into the world of CK functions and Fourier transforms. Until next time, keep exploring!Credit to Paper authors: Georges Comte, Dan J. Miller, Tamara Servi

Hey PaperLedge crew, Ernis here, ready to dive into some seriously cool research! Today, we're tackling a paper that's all about making those super-smart Large Language Models, or LLMs, work smarter, not just harder, when it comes to finding you the info you need.
Now, you've probably heard of LLMs like ChatGPT. They're amazing at understanding and generating text, and researchers have been using them to improve search results – it's like having a super-powered librarian that knows exactly what you're looking for. This is done by reranking search results; taking the initial list from a search engine and rearranging them to put the most relevant results at the top.
But here's the rub: these LLMs are resource-hungry! They need a lot of computing power to do their thing. So, while they can give you awesome results, they can also be slow and expensive to use. Imagine trying to drive a Formula 1 race car to the grocery store – overkill, right?
This research paper zooms in on this problem: how do we accurately measure and improve the efficiency of these LLM-based rerankers? Previously, folks were using metrics like latency (how long it takes) or the number of tokens processed. But these metrics are like measuring gas mileage based on how fast you drive – it doesn't really tell you how efficient the engine itself is. These old ways of measuring efficiency are greatly affected by the type of computer being used to run the LLM, and how the model is configured (like whether the model is processing requests one at a time, or in batches).
That's where the researchers behind this paper come in. They've cooked up a new way to measure efficiency that's more... universal. They call it E2R-FLOPs, which stands for "ranking metrics per PetaFLOP" (RPP) and "queries per PetaFLOP" (QPP) – don't worry about the jargon! Think of it like this: they're measuring how many useful search results you get for every unit of computing power used. They're aiming to create a hardware-agnostic metric that focuses on the underlying efficiency of the LLM itself. This allows you to compare two models without having to worry about the type of hardware they are running on.
Think of it like comparing two cars based on how many miles they get per gallon, rather than how much it costs to fill the tank at your local gas station. The miles per gallon is analogous to ranking metrics per PetaFLOPs.
To make this even more practical, they've also built what they call a "FLOPs estimator." This is like a virtual calculator that can estimate how much computing power an LLM reranker will need before you even run it! This will help developers find the best balance between effectiveness and efficiency.
So, why does this matter?
For Researchers: This gives you a better way to compare different LLM reranking approaches and identify the most efficient ones.
For Developers: This helps you choose the right LLM for your search application and optimize its performance.
For Users (like us!): This means faster, more relevant search results, without breaking the bank in computing costs.
The paper's authors performed extensive experiments with a variety of LLM architectures to showcase their new metrics and to highlight the existing efficiency-effectiveness trade-offs. Hopefully this work will make the community more aware of these issues!
Here are a couple of things that popped into my head while reading:
If we can accurately estimate the computational cost of an LLM before we even run it, could we dynamically switch between different models based on the complexity of the search query?
How might these efficiency improvements impact the accessibility of LLM-powered search for smaller organizations or even individual developers?
Alright crew, that's the gist of it! Hopefully, this makes the world of LLM reranking a little less intimidating and a lot more interesting. Until next time, keep those questions coming!Credit to Paper authors: Zhiyuan Peng, Ting-ruen Wei, Tingyu Song, Yilun Zhao, Yi Fang

Alright Learning Crew, Ernis here, and today we're diving into a fascinating paper that tackles a really important issue: how to use those super-smart AI models, the big Language Learning Models or LLMs, without giving away all our personal data!
Think of it like this: imagine you need to bake a cake, but you don't have an oven. You could ask your super-baking friend to bake it for you. That friend has a fancy, industrial-sized oven – perfect! But, to bake your cake, they need your recipe, right? That's kind of what's happening with these LLMs. They're so big and powerful that most of us can't run them on our own computers. So, we rely on third-party services, like our baking friend, who have the "ovens" – the massive computing power – to run them.
The problem? Just like sharing your cake recipe, sending your data to these third-party services can be a privacy nightmare! They get to see everything you're asking the AI, which could include sensitive personal information.
Now, some really smart people have been working on solutions to this. One idea is called Secure Multi-Party Computation, or SMPC. It's like having multiple bakers work together on the cake, each only knowing a part of the recipe. No single baker knows the whole thing, so your secret recipe stays safe!
But here's the catch: SMPC is incredibly slow and resource-intensive. Imagine trying to bake a cake with ten bakers, each only knowing a tiny piece of the recipe, and constantly having to communicate with each other! It'd take forever, and cost a fortune in ingredients! That's the problem with SMPC when it comes to these massive LLMs.
That's where this paper comes in! The researchers propose a new system called Cascade. Cascade takes a different approach. Instead of relying on complex cryptography to hide everything, it cleverly shards the data.
Think of it like this: instead of giving your friend the entire cake recipe at once, you cut it into different sections, and give each section to a different friend who bakes only that particular part. Then, you assemble the parts together into the final cake. The individual friends only know a part of the recipe, so they can't learn the whole thing.
Cascade does something similar with the data fed into the LLM. It splits the data into parts, processes them separately, and then puts the results back together. This makes the whole process much, much faster than SMPC. We're talking orders of magnitude faster!
The researchers also tested Cascade against some clever attacks that try to peek at the data. They found that Cascade is surprisingly resistant, even without relying on super-strong encryption! It's like those cake-baking friends being really good at keeping secrets, even if they know a little bit about the recipe.
The key takeaway here is that Cascade offers a practical way to use these powerful AI models securely, without sacrificing performance.
This is huge because it means we can potentially get the benefits of AI without completely giving up our privacy. It's a trade-off, but a potentially worthwhile one.
So, why does this research matter? Well, for:
Everyday users: It means your personal information might be a little safer when you're using AI-powered services.
AI developers: It provides a way to offer AI services without having to worry as much about privacy breaches.
Researchers: It opens up new avenues for exploring privacy-preserving AI techniques.
Now, here are a couple of questions that popped into my head while reading this paper:
How do we decide what level of privacy is "good enough"? Is trading off some privacy for performance always a good idea? What are the risks?
Could this sharding technique be applied to other areas beyond LLMs, like medical data analysis or financial modeling?
Really interesting stuff, Learning Crew! I hope this breakdown made it a bit easier to understand. Until next time, keep learning!Credit to Paper authors: Rahul Thomas, Louai Zahran, Erica Choi, Akilesh Potti, Micah Goldblum, Arka Pal

Hey learning crew, Ernis here, ready to dive into some seriously cool research! Today, we're tackling a paper about AI, but not just any AI – AI designed to actually help us make scientific breakthroughs. Think of it as Iron Man's Jarvis, but instead of building suits, it's helping us understand the universe!
The big question these researchers are tackling is: can we build an AI smart enough to truly understand the cutting edge of science? To test this, they used something called "Humanity's Last Exam" (HLE). Now, this isn't literally the last exam humans will ever take, but it's meant to be a super-tough benchmark that pushes AIs to their absolute limits of scientific knowledge. Imagine trying to pass a PhD qualifying exam in every scientific field – that's the level of difficulty we're talking about.
So, how did they approach this monumental challenge? They built an AI called "X-Master." The key idea behind X-Master is that it doesn't just rely on pre-programmed knowledge. Instead, it's designed to act like a human researcher – constantly learning and exploring by using tools. Think of it like this: a chef doesn't just know recipes; they know how to use knives, ovens, and other tools to create amazing dishes. Similarly, X-Master is designed to use tools to reason and discover new things.
And here's the really clever part: they treat code as a kind of language. X-Master can use Python libraries (think of them as sets of pre-written instructions) and custom-built tools to boost its reasoning power. It's like giving a student access to a library and a calculator during an exam!
But they didn't stop there! They scaled up X-Master into something even more powerful called "X-Masters." This is where things get really interesting. Imagine having a team of experts, each focusing on a different part of a problem, and then combining their knowledge to arrive at a solution. That's essentially what X-Masters does: it's a "scattered-and-stacked agentic workflow" (fancy words, I know!) that systematically enhances both the breadth and depth of reasoning.
So, what were the results? Well, X-Masters achieved a new state-of-the-art score on Humanity's Last Exam – a whopping 32.1%! That's higher than some of the best AI systems from OpenAI and Google. It's the first AI to break the 30% barrier! This is a big deal because it shows that this approach – building AIs that can reason, explore, and learn like human researchers – has real potential.
"This work allows us to gain a deeper understanding of complex task-solving and accumulates valuable experience that can inform future advancements, guiding subsequent model training."
Why does this matter? Well, for scientists, it means we could have powerful AI assistants that can help us accelerate research in fields like medicine, climate change, and space exploration. For developers, it provides a blueprint for building more capable and adaptable AI systems. And for everyone else, it offers a glimpse into a future where AI can help us solve some of the world's most pressing challenges.
Now, this raises some interesting questions, doesn't it?
If AI can pass "Humanity's Last Exam," what does that mean for the future of scientific expertise? Will human scientists become obsolete?
How can we ensure that these powerful AI tools are used ethically and responsibly?
Could this approach be applied to other complex problems beyond scientific discovery, like policy making or business strategy?
Food for thought, learning crew! I'm Ernis, and I'll catch you on the next PaperLedge podcast!Credit to Paper authors: Jingyi Chai, Shuo Tang, Rui Ye, Yuwen Du, Xinyu Zhu, Mengcheng Zhou, Yanfeng Wang, Weinan E, Siheng Chen

Hey PaperLedge crew, Ernis here, ready to dive into some fascinating research about teamwork – specifically, how AI can learn to be a better teammate, even when thrown into the deep end with someone they've never worked with before!
We're talking about a paper that tackles a problem we've all faced: working with someone new and trying to figure out their style, fast. Think of it like joining a pickup basketball game. You need to quickly understand if your teammate is a shooter, a driver, a passer, and adjust your game accordingly, right? This is even harder when there's a clock ticking down and a complicated play to execute!
Now, the researchers were looking at this challenge in the context of human-AI teams. Imagine an AI helping you cook a meal in a chaotic kitchen. It’s not just about knowing recipes; it’s about understanding your cooking style and adapting to it on the fly. Do you prefer to chop veggies first, or get the sauce simmering? The AI needs to figure that out to be a helpful sous-chef.
The core idea is that the AI needs to do three things:
Recognize different "strategies". It needs to see patterns in how people play the game or do the task.
Categorize those strategies. Think of it like sorting players into buckets: "the aggressive scorer," "the team player," "the defensive specialist."
Adapt its own behavior. Once it knows your style, it needs to adjust to complement it.
To achieve this, the researchers created something called TALENTS, which is a cool acronym for their strategy-conditioned cooperator framework. Sounds complicated, but here’s the breakdown.
First, they used something called a variational autoencoder. Don’t worry about the name! Think of it as a machine learning tool that watches a bunch of people play the game and tries to find the underlying "essence" of each player's style. It creates a sort of "strategy fingerprint" for each player.
Then, they used a clustering algorithm to group these strategy fingerprints into different types. So, maybe one cluster is "players who focus on prepping ingredients," and another is "players who are all about cooking the dishes."
Finally, they trained the AI to be a good teammate for each of those player types. So, if it sees someone who's all about prepping, it knows to focus on cooking, and vice-versa. It's like having a team of AIs, each trained to work perfectly with a specific type of human player.
But what if the AI encounters a player it's never seen before? This is where the fixed-share regret minimization algorithm comes in. Again, sounds complex, but the key is "regret." The AI is constantly asking itself, "Am I making the best move, or should I be doing something different to better support my partner?". It adjusts its strategy based on how much "regret" it feels about its previous actions. It's like constantly course-correcting based on the feedback it's getting from its partner.
"The AI is constantly asking itself, 'Am I making the best move, or should I be doing something different to better support my partner?'"
To test this, they used a souped-up version of a game called Overcooked. It’s a frantic cooking game where players have to work together to prepare and serve dishes under time pressure. It’s a great testbed because it requires serious coordination and communication.
And guess what? They ran a study where real people played Overcooked with the AI, and the AI consistently outperformed other AI systems when paired with unfamiliar human players. In other words, TALENTS learned to be a better teammate, faster!
So why does this matter?
For AI researchers, it offers a new approach to building adaptable AI that can work effectively with humans in collaborative settings.
For businesses, it suggests possibilities for AI assistants that can truly understand and support human workers, improving productivity and efficiency.
For everyday folks, it's a glimpse into a future where AI can be a helpful and adaptable partner, not just a rigid tool.
This research opens up some interesting questions:
How can we ensure that these AI systems are fair and unbiased in their assessment of human partners? What if the AI misinterprets someone's style due to cultural differences or unconscious biases?
Could this approach be used to improve human-human teamwork as well? Could a system analyze team dynamics and provide feedback to help people work together more effectively?
What are the ethical implications of creating AI that can so effectively adapt to and influence human behavior? Where do we draw the line between helpful assistance and manipulation?
That's the paper for today, folks! Lots to chew on. Let me know what you think – what are the challenges and opportunities you see in this kind of research?Credit to Paper authors: Benjamin Li, Shuyang Shi, Lucia Romero, Huao Li, Yaqi Xie, Woojun Kim, Stefanos Nikolaidis, Michael Lewis, Katia Sycara, Simon Stepputtis